[Analysis of common viral infection in surveillance cases of febrile respiratory syndrome in 9 provinces of China from 2009 to 2021].

Objective: To understand the common viral infection among the surveillance cases of fever respiratory syndrome (FRS) in nine provinces in China. Methods: The research data were obtained from nine provinces (Anhui, Beijing, Guangdong, Hebei, Hunan, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi and Xinjiang) in the "Infectious Disease Surveillance Technology Platform Information Management System" of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to June 2021. Finally, 8 243 FRS cases with nucleic acid detection results of eight viruses [human influenza virus (HIFV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human adenovirus (HAdV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV) and human Boca virus (HBoV)] were included in the study. The χ2 test/Fisher exact probability method was used to analyze the difference of virus detection rate in different age groups, regions and seasons. Results The M (Q1, Q3) age of 8 243 FRS cases was 4 (1, 18) years old, and 56.56% (4 662 cases) were children under 5 years old. Males accounted for 58.1% (4 792 cases) of all cases. All cases were from outpatient/emergency department (2 043 cases) and inpatient department (6 200 cases). The virus detection rates of FRS cases from high to low were HRSV, HIFV, HPIV, HRV, HAdV, HMPV, HCoV and HBoV. Two or more viruses were detected simultaneously in 524 cases, accounting for 15.66% of virus-positive cases. The difference of the virus detection rate in different age groups was statistically significant (all P values<0.05), and the virus detection rate in children<5 years old was higher (49.96%). The positive rate of any virus in south China was higher than that in north China (P<0.001). The virus-positive FRS cases were detected throughout the year. The detection rate of HRSV was higher in autumn and winter. The detection rate of HIFV was higher in winter. The detection rate of HMPV was higher in winter and spring. The detection rates of HPIV, HRV, HCoV and HBoV were higher in summer and autumn, while there was no significant difference in the detection rate of HAdV in different seasons. Compared with 2009-2019, the detection rate of any virus in 2020-2021 decreased from 41.37% to 37.86%. The detection rate of HIFV decreased sharply from 10.62% to 1.37%. The detection rate of HPIV decreased from 8.24% to 5.88%. The detection rate of HRV and HBoV increased from 5.43% and 1.79% to 9.67% and 3.19%, respectively. Conclusion: HRSV and HIFV infections are more common among FRS cases in nine provinces in China from 2009 to 2021, and the epidemiological characteristics of eight common respiratory viruses vary in different age groups, regions and seasons.

Irrigated agriculture potential of Australia's northern territory inferred from spatial assessment of groundwater availability and crop evapotranspiration

Agricultural expansion has been a hot topic in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia in recent years. However, insufficient information on available water resources and crop evapotranspiration is a bottleneck to this expansion. Towards closing this gap, this study employs the newest Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS;version 2.2) catchment products assimilated from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE;hereafter called GLDAS-DA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith equation to spatially evaluate the Balance between water availability (i.e., groundwater and effective rainfall) and melons, maize and citrus crop evapotranspiration (water demand) of three representative (short-, medium-season and perennial) crop types over the NT for the 2010–2019 period. Specifically, this Balance is the estimated ratio of water availability and crop evapotranspiration, representing the crop area that can be planted in each GLDAS-DA grid cell. The larger the Balance , the greater the irrigated agriculture potential. Under the average 2010–2019 conditions, our results show that the northern part of the NT has the highest irrigated agriculture potentials with the average Balance of 9430 ha (15.7%), 5490 ha (9.1%) and 3520 ha (5.8%) for melons, maize and citrus, respectively, excluding non-agriculture areas. Irrigated agriculture in the central part of the NT shows less potential compared to the northern part of the NT, with the average Balance of 2780 ha (4.6%), 2000 ha (3.3%) and 970 ha (1.6%) for melons, maize and citrus, respectively (excluding non-agriculture areas). The southern part of the NT shows an average Balance below 1% of grid cell for all three crops, suggesting that only small-scale irrigated agriculture could be possible. In addition, the Balance across most of the northern and central parts of the NT decreased by 50% or more during 2019 dry period. Drought risk management should therefore be a serious consideration when exploring further expansion of irrigated agriculture in the NT. • Irrigated-agriculture potential in NT is assessed through groundwater and ETc. • The northern NT has highest potential for irrigated agriculture. • The shoreline of central NT shows potential for intensive irrigated-farming. • The southern NT has limited potential for irrigated agriculture. • Agriculture potential reduces 50% or more in the NT during the dry climate of 2019. [ FROM AUTHOR];Copyright of Agricultural Water Management is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)